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Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is the restriction of blood flow in the arteries of the leg. When arteries become narrowed by plaque (the accumulation of cholesterol and other materials on the walls of the arteries), the oxygen-rich blood flowing through the arteries cannot reach the legs and feet. This buildup of plaque on the artery walls is called atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.
The presence of PAD may be an indication of more widespread arterial disease in the body that can affect the brain, causing stroke, or the heart, causing a heart attack.
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To diagnose PAD, Neville Foot & Ankle Centers obtains a comprehensive medical history of the patient. Our physicians perform a lower extremity physical examination that includes evaluation of pulses, skin condition and foot deformities to determine the patient’s risk for PAD. If risk factors are present, more testing may be ordered.
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Download Our PAD Questionnaire
At least half the people with P.A.D. don't exhibit any symptoms.
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Pain, aching, and heaviness in the muscles
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Cramping in the legs, thighs, and calves
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Loss of hair on legs or feet
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A weak or absent pulse in the legs or feet
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Sores or wounds on toes, feet, or legs that heal slowly, poorly, or not at all
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Color changes in skin, paleness, or blueness
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Lower temperature in one leg compared to the other leg
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Poor nail growth and decreased hair growth on toes and legs
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to discuss them with a foot and ankle specialist. Left untreated, PAD can lead to debilitating and limb-threatening consequences, even death.
PAD Risk Factors
Because only half of those with PAD actually experience symptoms, it is critical that people with known risk factors be screened or tested for PAD.
The risk factors include:
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Being over age 50
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Smoking (currently or previously)
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Diabetes
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High blood pressure
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High cholesterol
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Personal or family history of PAD, heart disease, heart attack or stroke
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Sedentary lifestyle (infrequent or no exercise)
Symptoms
General Treatment of PAD
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Lifestyle changes: These include smoking cessation, regular exercise and a heart-healthy diet.
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Medications: Medicines may be used to improve blood flow, help prevent blood clots or control blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose levels.
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Surgery. In some patients, small incision (endovascular) procedures or open (bypass) surgery of the leg are needed to improve blood flow.
